Explore the Process of Recruitment and Selection of Staff in Casinos, in Las Vegas

Research Statement The research will be conducted to find out how staff members are recruited and selected in casinos, in Las Vegas. The research will look into criteria used and qualifications required for one to be recruited to work in casinos.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Explore the Process of Recruitment and Selection of Staff in Casinos, in Las Vegas specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Rationale and Research Questions Working in a casino, in Las Vegas, is quite appealing because there are many casinos. However, getting a job is quite difficult in Las Vegas. Many people have confessed that it is exceedingly hard for an individual to secure a job in Las Vegas despite many openings available (Shaffer and Hall, 2006). This has raised questions regarding the criteria used by employers to recruit staff. In fact, gambling and hospitality business is doing uncommonly well in Las Vegas, and this is the reason why there are many casinos. There are many people working in these casinos, and at the same time, there are a number of others who are jobless. Casino workers need to be truly effective and keen to ensure that they monitor activities inside the casinos. For instance, gambling must be observed to ensure that gamblers remain calm despite having several instances of conflicting arguments. Therefore, these employees need to be there to intervene and ensure that game rules are followed. In addition, those working in the hospitality section of casinos need to be very thorough to ensure that their customers appreciate their efforts and services (Michand, 2001). This study is useful to the entire society because people will be able to understand what they need to apply for jobs in Casinos. In addition, the research will be able to outline several aspects considered when recruiting and selecting staff for these casinos. This is extremely beneficial since managers of the casinos may be given the report to read about recommendations made by researchers. The research will be able to shed light on the reason why people struggle to get jobs while there are many casinos in Las Vegas (Derek and Douglas, 2001). The secret behind this can only be unveiled by carrying out researches regarding recruitment of staff for casinos. Therefore, the research question for this study will be: Is recruitment and selection of casinos staff in Las Vegas discriminatory? Literature Review Working in casinos is not the best thing for anybody considering the type of activities that takes place inside those premises. In fact, the job involves gambling where people place bets and rely on luck to get win or lose. Therefore, employees are exposed to psychological issues and when recruiting staff managers should come up with a way of ensuring that they select people with sober minds (Long, Clard and Liston, 2004).Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This happens because as employees work with people from different cultural backgrounds, they keep close contacts with them and can be affected by some of their problems. For instance, dealing with problem gamblers can be quite tasking hence discouraging workers. The casino job is risky as employees may be involved with conflicts leading to fights hence affecting their health or physical looks. In a case where a gambler feels that the employee is colluding with their opponent against them, may be disastrous as the gambler may become violent demanding their rights to fair game. This means that casino workers need to be psychologically fit in order to contain such gamblers hence enjoying their job (Lam, Zhang and Baum, 2001). Casinos employees may be exposed to deviant work place behaviors, and this poses a serious challenge whenever managers are recruiting and selecting their staff. This results from the fact that casino employees keep close contacts with gamblers some of which are criminals. In addition, gamblers express their feelings towards casino employees not only in terms of customer satisfaction but also their emotions. This means that drunken customers may harass employees, and to some extent they involve them in physical confrontations (Lam, Zhang and Baum, 2001). As a result, these employees may turn to use of drugs in search for solace because they have to retain their jobs for survival. Therefore, casinos’ human resource personnel have to find people of strong morals who can handle any customer without losing their morale and the will to work. In some cases, casino workers get sexually harassed or even assaulted by angry gamblers and this calls for management to come up with adequate rules to safe guard their staff. Employees are also required to work extra hard to meet demand of all customers effectively. This is due to high turnover in casinos as customers flock to gamble and have their favorite drinks during their leisure time (Ladouceur, 2002). When recruiting employees, the human resource department should develop a way of knowing how applicants can handle high numbers of employees. In addition, employees need to be highly reliable in order to keep everything running in casinos. This is critical because customers have to be treated in a given manner and both staff and customer security must be enhanced. When recruiting staff, human resource personnel should make sure that they select candidates who show reliability traits.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Explore the Process of Recruitment and Selection of Staff in Casinos, in Las Vegas specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Working in casinos requires one to be trustworthy to ensure that the rules of gambling are observed to provide fair deals to all involved parties. This means that honest people should be given a chance whenever selection is being done. This is because customers love gambling in casinos where they accredit their win or loss. This means that customers are not expected to question actions of employees as far as gambling is concerned (Kaplan, 2005). Casinos where workers collude to give some parties unfair deals are always faced by issues such as fighting which may turn to be fatal. Therefore, selection of employees must be done with care to ensure that casinos get qualified candidates to promote peace and stability. Furthermore, casino employees should be willing to learn as they may be required to understand how gambling is done. In fact, it has been found that many casino workers end up being gamblers in their lives. This means that they have to learn rules of gambling hence attaining experience on how to solve some disputes between gamblers (Hsieh, Liang and Hsieh, 2004). During recruitment and selection of casino staff, human resource personnel should consider people who are ready to learn. In many ca ses, casinos require people with basic experience in military training because security is vital. Therefore, the staff selection panel should make sure that they consider people with past experience in the military or in private security firms in order to have workers who have adequate skills in handling security cases (Kaplan, 2005). In addition, casino workers are required to have high skills in public relations. This can enable them to approach any gambler and convince them to reason without causing violence in case there is any dispute. Public relation skills are tremendously significant because it portrays how well hospitality staff can work and achieve their set operational goals. Staff at casinos must be able to use their common sense in serving customers within their work place. This can be vital in averting instances of assault or harassment. For example, they can compromise in order to solve upcoming conflicts (Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, 2001). The s election panel should be particularly keen to select these employees because loyalty to the company is essential for company prosperity. They should use their selection skills and knowledge to ensure that they identify candidates who can be loyal to the company and recruit them.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Methodology An overall introduction The study will involve data collection aimed at gathering adequate information that will help researchers to come up with an inclusive report. This study will be based on some assumptions which have to be proved by the researchers. For example, it is assumed that employers select people according to their looks. This has to be proved after the research hence calling for adoption of the most effective methods of collecting data. Researchers need to be positive about carrying out the research since this will be the only way to get answers to their question. This is important because they will get to the bottom of the matter regardless of the process that may be involved. It is necessary for researchers to identify the most convenient data collection method to use in order to attain adequate and reliable information from the target population (Harrahs Entertainment, 2004). Methods Researchers will use questionnaires to collect data from casino worker s. This method is effective because it allows respondents to take their time in responding to research questions. For instance, casino mangers who are busy may find it difficult to get time for having interviews with researchers. Therefore, researchers can leave a questionnaire in the office so that the manager can pick it and fill in either from their offices or their homes and return it to the office for collection (Cathy, 2001). Questionnaires are advantageous because they can reach all target respondents regardless of their schedules. In addition, researchers will make use of interviews to collect data from casino workers. This is where data collectors will be visiting casino workers to find out information about their recruitment and selection. This is a remarkably effective method of data collection because oral dialogues are involved (Harper, 1999). This gives data collectors opportunities to ask all relevant questions and seeks clarifications where possible. Interviews end u p giving data collectors the most collect information for research. Interviews may be expensive to conduct because people will be required to travel from one place to another trying to reach as many respondents as possible hence making the whole process expensive. Finally, data can be collected using observation method. This is where researchers record what they know about casinos from their own experience. This method is vital because it gives room to data verification procedures since the data researchers can be asked to shed more light on their observations (Garry, Harold and Tim, 2003). In fact, observation gives firsthand information because some of the researchers might have been involved in recruitment and selection of casino staff. This may put them at a position to give useful information for research. Sampling The sample of the population for this study will include workers at the casino. These will include selected employees who will be required to respond to questions co ncerning their work place. Human resource personnel will be involved in the study, as well. This is because they are best positioned to give information regarding requirements set for one to be selected (Gupta and Derevensky, 2000). Finally, casino managers will be required to answer some questions regarding the quality of employees they consider for their businesses. Technical Ethical problems The research will be conducted in accordance with rules governing researchers. These should include adherence to set rules and laws aimed at ensuring that respondents’ rights are protected. This means that any information voluntarily given by respondents during the study remains confidential. This helps in curbing situations where workers are intimidated for giving information concerning their workplaces or their bosses to researchers (Gomez-Mejia, Balkin and Cardy, 2001). In cases where names of respondents have to be included in report writing, real names should never be used, but in stead researchers should come up with other names. They should put a note within the report to show that names used in the report are not the real names of respondents. Finally, researchers should observe the code of conduct set by laws that guide the researchers on people to involve in research. For instance, it is illegal to use children to respond to research questions regarding some aspects of social life. In fact, even when one is carrying out a study among children of a given age, permission from their parents or teachers has to be granted. This protects the rights of children as they may be tricked into exposing information without their parents’ consent. Vulnerable groups among the society should also be handled with care by researchers. This means that they should never be involved in researches, and if it is necessary proper procedures should be followed to ensure that information gathered is for their good (Bennett and Robinson, 2000). In addition, data collectors should use formal approaches when collecting data. This means that data collectors should be able to cooperate with their respondents in terms of timings (Griffin, O’Leary-Kelly and Collins, 2000). References Bennett, R. J. Robinson, S. L. (2000). Development of a Measure of Workplace Deviance, Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 349-360. Cathy, A. E. (2001). What Keeps You Up at Night? Key Issues of Concern for Lodging Managers, Hotel and Motel Management, 42(2), 38-45. Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (2001). Labour Turnover, retrieved from web. Derek, B. Douglas, F. (2001). The Sure Hand of Surveillance, Security Management, September, 87. Garry, S., Harold, W., Tim, H. (2003). Examining Police Records to Assess Gambling Impacts: A Study of Gambling-Related Crime in the City of Edmonton, The Alberta Gaming Research Institute. Gomez-Mejia, L. R., Balkin, D. B., Cardy, R. L. (2001). Managing Human Resources, 3rd ed., New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Griffin, R. W., O’Leary-Kelly, A., Collins, J. (2000). Dysfunctional Work Behaviors in Organizations, Trends in Organizational Behavior, 5, 65-82. Gupta, R. Derevensky, L. J. (2000). Adolescents with Gambling Problems from Research to / 30 / Treatment, Journal of Gambling Studies, 16(2/3). 315-342. Harper, D. (1999). Spotlight abuse—Save profits, Industrial Distribution, 79: 47-51. Harrahs Entertainment (2004). Know When to Stop before You Start, retrieved from web. Hsieh, A. T., Liang, S. C., Hsieh, T. H. (2004). Workplace Deviant Behavior and Its Demographic Relationship among Taiwan’s Flight Attendants, Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality Tourism, 3(1), 19-32. Kaplan, H. B. (2005). Self-attitudes and Deviant Behavior, Pacific Palisades, CA: Goodyear. Ladouceur, R. (2002). Understanding Gambling and Problem Gambling: a Step in the Right Direction, AGA Responsible Gaming Lecture Series, 1(1), 1-10. Lam, T., Zhang, H. Q., Baum, T. (2001). An Investigation of Empl oyees’ Job Satisfaction: the Case of Hotels in Hong Kong, Tourism Management, 22. 157-165. Long, P. T., Clard, J., Liston, D. (2004). Win, Lose, or Draw: Gambling with America’s Small Towns. Washington DC: Rural Economic Policy Program, The Aspen Institute. Michand, L. (2001). Turning the Tables on Employee Turnover, RSI: Roofing Siding, Insulation 78, 15-16. Shaffer, H. J., Hall, M. N. (2006). Estimating the Prevalence of Adolescent Gambling Disorders: A Quantitative Synthesis and Guide toward Standard Gambling Nomenclature, Journal of Gambling Studies, 12, 193-214. 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Analysis of Excited Delirium and its causes and effects

Analysis of Excited Delirium and its causes and effects Since the 1800s, there have been cases of Excited Delirium even though these cases do not use the exact term Excited Delirium. These reports still contain the symptoms of what is now known to be Excited Delirium (ACEP Excited Delirium Task Force, 2009). In fact many of these cases of Excited Delirium were primarily in institutions with mentally ill individuals. It was not until 1849 that Dr. Luther Bell diagnosed the symptoms. This chronic entity that appeared in the 1800s largely disappeared in the 1950s. Today the deaths are often reported from abusers of drugs or psychiatric patients. These deaths are more of the sudden death form, with death taking place minutes to hours after the onset of Excited Delirium, there is also always physical restraint involved (Maio Maio, 2006). Definition Excited Delirium is defined as, A state of extreme mental and physiological excitement, characterized by extreme agitation, hyperthermia, hostility, exceptional strength and endurance without apparent fatigue (Maio Maio, 2006). Bells Mania In 1849 Dr. Luther Bell, a physician for the McLean Asylum for the Insane, in Sommerville, Massachusetts, found what he believed to be a new illness among his patients of the asylum. This new illness became known as Bells Mania. Dr. Bell also noted many clinical symptoms of Bells Mania which included: acute onset of symptoms, mania, violent behavior, need for restraint, refusal of food, inability to sleep, and fatigue deteriorating to exhaustion and circulatory collapse (Maio Maio, 2006). These symptoms are believed to be related to the symptoms of Excited Delirium that is known of today. Many of Bells patients and other patients at the hospital died from a combination of things such as electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, and other numerous factors. In the late 19th Century, Dr. Emil Kraeplin, a German psychiatrist, developed some classifications of the mentally ill based on the symptoms presented. The utilization of this classification resulted in being able to identify groups of patients who were at a high risk for sudden death due to Excited Delirium Syndrome (Maio Maio, 2006). Dr. Bell and Dr. Kraeplin documented some of the earliest cases of Excited Delirium. By 1933, Dr. Irving M. Derby, a pathologist a Brooklyn State Hospital, began noticing what he called Manic-Depressive Exhaustion. He learned this after several deaths occurred with similar symptoms. The entity that he called Manic Depressive Exhaustion was also called by others; Acute Delirium, Acute Dementia Praecox, Catatonic Death or Bells Mania. 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By the beginning of the 1980s however, an acute form of Excited Delirium began to take shape. However, this form was mainly diagnosed by the use of illegal stimulants such as cocaine. These deaths were characterized with the following; mostly of male victims, victims that had not been diagnosed with mental illness, sudden death occurring minutes or hours after the development of Excited Delirium, the use of restraints, and involvement of illegal stimulants and medications (Maio Maio, 2006). Certain symptoms described by Dr. Bell in the chronic form of Excited Delirium are also prevalent in the acute form. The main difference between the chronic form and the acute form is the amount of time that between is the onset of the symptoms and death. For example, in the chronic form this could take a matte r of days or weeks. In the acute form this could take a matter of minutes or hours. In the 1980s dying from Excited Delirium, more specifically Bells Mania, became relatively unknown to medical professionals. The only people who have even heard of this were the people of the psychiatric community. The knowledge of Bells Mania began to fade. In fact many of these cases were being misdiagnosed and began showing up as a heart attack. Pretty soon things started to change with the use of cocaine and methamphetamines (Maio Maio, 2006). During the 1980s there was major increases in cases reported with behavior related to uncontrolled psychiatric emergency. Most of these cases were in conjunction with cocaine abuse that was starting to hit North America during this time. Cocaine and Excited Delirium Syndrome seemed to be almost intertwined. There has also been cases were Excited Delirium Syndrome occurs with other illegal drugs and with many types of mental illness and their treatment medications. In fact in 1985 the first paper was published for the first time that used the term Excited Delirium. CHAPTER 3 Causes of Excited Delirium The typical person who shows symptoms of Excited Delirium is a person that has major drug intoxication, and the person might have a history of mental illness struggles with law enforcement. Police may use physical or chemical control measures or even electrical measures to help in controlling the person.The autopsy will fail to recognize a potential cause of death from trauma or natural disease (ACEP Excited Delirium Task Force, 2009). Since there is no noticeable cause of death in an autopsy it is hard to come up with a definitive cause of death. Many people believe this term is an easy way out for law enforcement, when people die as a result of being in-custody (ACEP Excited Delirium Taks Force, 2009). Stimulant drug abuse can be a cause of Excited Delirium. Stimulant drug use such as: Cocaine, Methamphetamine, Phencyclidine (PCP), and Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) have been associated with Excited Delirium Syndrome. Acute intoxication has been found to trigger the onset of symptoms for Excited Delirium. These stimulant drugs have also been found to be the cause of Excited Delirium deaths (ACEP Excited Delirium Taks Force, 2009). Cocaine has been a major problem in dealing with Excited Delirium. Cocaine has been a major cause of Excited Delirium in some people. Excited Delirium usually occurs after people have been on a cocaine binge, and to people who have had long history of cocaine abuse. Another cause of excited Delirium is mental illness. The two major causes are Mania (Bipolar Disorder), and Psychosis (Schizophrenia) (Barney, 2003). When people enter a psychiatric facility they are sometimes misdiagnosed What the doctors are witnessing is Excited Delirium. Sometimes the underlying illness is untreated at the time the symptoms of Excited Delirium are showing. Health care providers should take heed. Early recognition and training can help prevent many In-custody deaths, in the next chapter this will be explained more in depth. Chapter 4 Awareness and Recognizing Excited Delirium Excited Delirium is part of some serious psychologic and behavioral symptoms which could include: Unbelievable strength, imperviousness to pain, ability to offer effective resistance against multiple officers over an extended period of time, hyperthermia (temperatures in the body can spike between 105-113 degrees Fahrenheit), sweating, shedding of clothes or being naked, bizarre and violent behavior, aggression, hyperactivity, extreme paranoia, incoherent shouting of nonsensical speech, hallucinations, attraction to glass (people will most likely be smashing glass), confusion or disorientation, grunting or animal-sounds while struggling with officers, foaming at the mouth, drooling, and finally dilated pupils (Kulbarsh, 2011). Also Excited Delirium is a pumped up version of the flight or fight response in the body. The person will try to run and then try and fight without being effected by pain (Brotheim, 2007). Another physical characteristic of Excited Delirium is animal like behavior including: grunting, biting, scratching, and pushing-very primitive actions (Remsberg C., 2006). Excited Delirium is a major medical emergency, and is something that should not be taken lightly. It requires medical attention immediately during onset. Excited Delirium makes the sympathetic nervous system go into hyper drive. The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the release of adrenalin, heart rate, body temperature control, and pain perception. Excited Delirium works with many other dangerous effects on the body including: hyperthermia, changes in blood acidity, electrolyte imbalances, a breakdown of muscle cells, cardiac arrhythmias, and ventricular fibrillation (Kulbarsh, 2011). When death comes to a person who exhibits signs of Excited Delirium the person will exhibit a state of sudden tranquility, either during or after the initial struggle and restraint, followed by cardiac arrest. It is very important that law enforcement officers, medical personnel, and dispatchers recognize the signs of Excited Delirium and sudden death that might follow, that way emergency m edical attention can be initiated right away (Kulbarsh, 2011). Current Standards for Law Enforcement Officers and Agencies Law enforcement agencies need to establish some protocol ahead of time for dealing with such cases (Kulbarsh, 2011).Dispatchers should also be trained to recognize the signs of Excited Delirium and ask some follow-up questions. If Excited Delirium is the case then the dispatcher should alert officers, and they should alert paramedics to be on standby (Kulbarsh, 2011). The first officer on the scene, he/she believes it is a case of Excited Delirium then they must call for backup and they should have EMS there as soon as possible. Even before the officers arrive on the scene they should already know, from dispatch, what they are dealing with. It is recommended that several officers come to the scene It is not recommended that one officer come to the scene and try and handle it by themselves (Kulbarsh, 2011). The first officers on the scene should be ready to manage the subject, making sure that they do not hurt themselves and hurt other individuals. Officers should not approach the subject until proper backup has arrived and paramedics are on standby (Kulbarsh, 2011). Trying to control the person who is experiencing Excited Delirium and the situation is very important. Be sure to establish control quickly. The longer the confrontation with a person who is experiencing Excited Delirium, the greater the risk that person will die while in-custody (Kulbarsh, 2011). Police officers are usually trained to place a suspect in face down position. With someone who is experiencing Excited Delirium this not a really good idea. With a person in the face down position an individual might have hard time breathing. When the suspect that is experiencing Excited Delirium and is in police custody they should placed in a face up position. If the suspect stops resisting his pulse and breathing should be monitored It is imperative that law enforcement officers wait for medical personnel to help in restraining the subject. Medical personnel know how to restrain a person for transport to the emergency room (Kulbarsh, 2011). Protocols should be put into place for use of force options. If a person is suffering from Excited Delirium, the suspect may have superhuman strength and pain may not even phase the suspect one bit. This makes all pain-based techniques useless. Pepper spray can also be ineffective to person who is impervious to pain. The use of batons and other impact techniques possibly could be effective in stopping movement; it will not be because of pain. TASERs can be effective, because they temporarily override the central nervous system. Use caution with TASERs though there is an increased risk for sudden death for people suffering from Excited Delirium TASERs should be the a last resort. If possible try to control the situation without the use of TASERS (Kulbarsh, 2011). Transporting a person that is experiencing Excited Delirium in an ambulance is very important. In the ambulance the paramedics can watch the subjects vitals like: heart rate, blood pressure, respirations, CO2 levels, PH levels, and temperature are a must (Kulbarsh, 2011). If vitals are not checked the person suffering from Excited Delirium could die. Debriefing after this incident takes place is very important so agencies can learn from the incident, what can be done in the future if they come across this incident again. Agencies could also use debriefings for personnel that has been involved with these types of critical incidents. This is especially important if the person died while in-custody (Kulbarsh, 2011). It is always important to remember the mnemonic protocol created by Dr. Michael Curtis, P.R.I.O.R.I.T.Y. M.E.D.I.C.A.L. Each letter stands for a symptom of Excited Delirium and what to do when you come upon this situation. Psychological issues, Recent drug/alcohol use, Incoherent thought process, Off (clothes) and sweating, Resistant to presence/dialog, Tough, if not super-human strength, Yelling, Make an informed decision, Enlist backup, Disturbance-resolution model, Intervene (use TASERs with caution), Contain, Attend to medical needs, Least amount of force necessary (Kulbarsh, 2011). Law Enforcement Law enforcement officers are in a unique and very unfamiliar position. They find themselves in an impossible situation where they have to recognize this medical situation. They have to try and control an individual who is irrational and physically resistive, while they are trying to keep everyone safe (ACEP Excited Delirium Taks Force, 2009). A person who is suffering from Excited Delirium poses a challenging situation, which has the possibility to impose major public scrutiny and the possibility for a horrific outcome. Though there is always that possibility where things could go wrong and there will be some major public outcry (ACEP Excited Delirium Taks Force, 2009). It is very important that law enforcement officers understand that a person who is suffering from Excited Delirium Syndrome lacks remorse, normal fear and understanding of his or her surroundings, and most importantly rational thoughts of safety. Law enforcement officers must realize that this is and could be a potentially life threatening medical condition (ACEP Excited Delirium Taks Force, 2009). Up until now, everything the officers have been taught relies on the suspect being able to cooperate and the ability to be rational. The officers also rely on the suspects ability to comply with the officers commands. Many tools and tactics that are available to law enforcement officers are going to be less effective on a person suffering from Excited Delirium (ACEP Excited Delirium Taks Force, 2009). One research has indicated that if a person has Excited Delirium and the officers know what is going on, it is not the greatest idea for officers just wait until the situation rectifies itself. This could take hours and the suspect could die as a result of just waiting. Law enforcement officers should realize that Excited Delirium is not a crime, and they should recognize the difference before it is too late (ACEP Excited Delirium Taks Force, 2009). Emergency Medical Services Emergency Medical Services (EMS) dispatchers also need to recognize the symptoms of Excited Delirium, they need to listen and find different clues tell other people what they are responding to. With these clues multiple law enforcement officers can respond to the situation including the EMS (ACEP Excited Delirium Taks Force, 2009). EMS find themselves in unfamiliar territory because they have to have a heightened sense of personal safety because of what Excited Delirium involves, and they need to provide timely care to these individuals (ACEP Excited Delirium Taks Force, 2009). The first thing is that Law Enforcement Officers need to do is control the person with Excited Delirium Syndrome. After control is obtained by the law enforcement officers then EMS can recognize this emergency medical situation and assume the responsibility of assessing and caring for the person (ACEP Excited Delirium Taks Force, 2009). Medical Examiners Medical Examiners are required to decide on a cause of death while individuals that die in police custody. Lack of medical information, and any underlying cardiac and metabolic information, makes it really difficult for the medical examiners to come up with an exact cause of death (ACEP Excited Delirium Taks Force, 2009). Critical information such as behavior of the suspect, drug history, the history of the suspects psychosis, and the presence of hyperthermia are all factors that can determine to the medical examiner that this is a case of Excited Delirium (ACEP Excited Delirium Taks Force, 2009). The majority of cases that appear to be Excited Delirium Syndrome occur in people who have a history of cocaine and other stimulant abuse. Sometimes this syndrome will happen even without these drugs in the persons system. As of right now there is no test out there for medical examiners to test for Excited Delirium Syndrome (ACEP Excited Delirium Taks Force, 2009). Chapter 5 Statistics Excited Delirium Excited Delirium is extremely rare. It is estimated that between 50 and 125 in-custody deaths in the United States every year are related to Excited Delirium. Most of these cases are of males between the ages of 30 and 40. This syndrome is rarely seen in females. Excited Delirium is increasingly becoming the cause of death in in-custody deaths. Police intervention is usually blamed when death occurs. It has been proven that Excited Delirium has been the cause of in-custody deaths as early as 1650. This was way before the invention of Tasers, OC, hog-tying or other law enforcement tools and techniques that some critics link to in-custody deaths (Remsberg C., 2006). It also has been found that Excited Delirium tends to be more of a warm temperature event (meaning that it happens when the temperature is warm and not cold). The situation is also motivated when there is high humidity (Remsberg C., 2006). Statistics show that Excited Delirium tends happen at the end of the week, on Sunday, than any other day. The heaviest occurrences tend to happen Thursday through Sunday (Remsberg C. , 2006). In-Custody Deaths Medical personnel at the University of Minnesota Emergency Medical program did a 12-month research experiment were they researched internet search engines for specific words such as: subject gender, age, behavior, arrest, force, weapons use, time of collapse proximal to arrest, force, and presence of illicit substance abuse (Brotheim, 2007). As a result of this study medical personnel at the University of Minnesota Emergency Medical program could identify some the causes that lead to in-custody deaths. The search results were as follows: 162 in-custody deaths were reported, 96.3 percent were males, the average age was 35.7 years old, 62.9 percent of them were exhibiting bizarre behaviors, and 62.3 percent of them confirmed illicit drug use just prior to their arrest (Brotheim, 2007). How does this break down as far as people dying in-custody. Well 8.6 percent of the suspects in-custody were hit with impact weapons, 12.3 percent of the people were shot with chemical spray, 30.1 percent were shot with a TASER, 62.3 percent of the people referenced ingested illegal drugs, 68.5 percent went hands-on with police officers, 100 percent while handcuffed. It was noted that many of the people referenced fit more than one of the categories so the results are not going to equal 100 percent (Brotheim, 2007). This study found that in-custody deaths occur largely to males less than 45 years of age, using illicit substances. In-custody deaths appear to occur within the first 60 minutes when weapons are in play. In-custody deaths never happen instantaneously when a TASER is used (Brotheim, 2007). Chapter 6 Cases of Excited Delirium Case 1: Jefferson Street, Appleton, WI The case began on a Monday in June in Appleton, WI. A call to 911 of a complaint of a naked man and ended later in evening at the hospital with the raving a man being calmed down by capable medical personnel. In this situation there was no heavy-handed control tactics, there was no risk to people or property, and there was no lawsuits from angry relatives (Remsberg C., 2009). Thanks to Lt. Dave Nickels of Appleton Police Departments patrol division he knew exactly what was going on with the young man at Jefferson Street. He and other officers were up against a terrible situation and managed to take care of this situation with professionalism (Remsberg C., 2009). A frantic call to 911 a mother is in distress because something is happening to her 29-year-old son. The son had a long history of marijuana use. The mom also noticed that he was acting very strange, he kept on talking and talkingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦like he was on somethingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦saying Im dying, Mom, Im dying, Momà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ She also told 911 hes sitting there naked. He certainly doesnt do that in front of his mother! (Remsberg C., 2009) The dispatcher responding to the call alerted two patrol units to respond to the Jefferson Street incident. Nickels, who at the time was patrolling the street in his car, heard the call. The dispatcher was saying there was yelling, strange behavior, repetitious statements, heavy breathing, and unusual nudity. Lt. Dave Nickels decided that he would respond to the call as well (Remsberg C., 2009). Nickels, is a TASER master instructor, became very interested in a psychological and physiological meltdown known as Excited Delirium. Some of the in-custody deaths in his area were linked to Excited Delirium. He had done some research for more than ten years and developed a training program for his department and other area agencies. He did this in the hope that officers, dispatchers, and medical personnel would become better aware of the symptoms and handling the situation (Remsberg C., 2009). Two weeks before this incident happen, Nickels put together a small PowerPoint presentation to kind of refresh the officers about how to respond to an Excited Delirium call. He emphasized in the PowerPoint that the subjects are usually are a long way into the crisis. They are in a medical nightmare, where they need help. Training from arriving officers will help the officers likely not to view the suspects threatening behavior as a criminal problem (Remsberg C., 2009). When Lt. Nickels entered the house on Jefferson Street, he witnessed subject with long-hair, well conditioned, gesturing wildly, is entirely naked in the room. He also witnessed that the subject was highly agitated and sweating profusely. The subject is screaming over and over again Is Im going to die?! Meanwhile the mom is trying to hand him some clothing. He continues to yell at the officers. As Nickels was looking at the situation he remembered some of the principles he stated in his training programs. Being the in charge he managed to be calm and calm voice he called the man by name and showed the man that he had nothing in his hands. He was not confrontational with the man, and he used no threatening language. He did not use any commands, and he did not shout at the man. Nickels says you do not want to feed these people adrenalin. Nickels also states theyre already thinking that youre going to hurt them. To the extent thats possible and safe, you want to model calmness for them. (Remsberg C., 2009) It was also important that Nickels did not crowd in on the subject. Nickels states avoid confronting them, if you can. Nickels managed to get the mother to back away from her son, to give him more space. The man stated that he was going to lie down, Nickels agreed with the man (Remsberg C., 2009). The main thing is that Nickels had a plan, and when sufficient officers arrived, with medical personnel he was able to set the plan in motion (Remsberg C., 2009). Nickels had backup, he was positioned inside the front door with a TASER drawn and on, ready to fire if the situation called for it. Nickels also had other backup at the rear of the house. From this point the two officers in the rear of the house could block the rear exit, and bring the suspect to his feet, if need be. An Advanced Life Support (ALS) team was also there ready to administer sedatives if need be. There was lull in movement of the subject, and Nickels announced all right, lets move. (Remsberg C., 2009) He promptly had the officers control the subjects limbs. Nickels and another officer grabbed and arm and two other officers lay across his legs. With Nickels permission the paramedics gave a shot of the sedative Haldol and the paramedics then began to strap the subject to a board (Remsberg C., 2009). When restraining these subjects is likely to be the critical point, (Remsberg C., 2009), Nickels states They fight their hardest then and may think you are trying to kill them. Its important for EMS to shoot them up quickly to chemically restrain them so the sedative can start calming them. (Remsberg C., 2009) As they are ready to the subject still continues to yell out gibberish and expels great amounts of air, he growls, screams out Mom, dont let them kill me! (Remsberg C., 2009) At this point he is unable to move. The paramedics then move him out the door and into the ambulance to the emergency room (Remsberg C. , 2009). At the hospital he was sedated even more. It took about 90 minutes for him to act normal again. When he fully recovered from this he did not even remember anything that had happened to him. He has since resumed his normal everyday activities as a college student, with no side effects (Remsberg C., 2009). The good news was that this experience was not as intense or as violet some Excited Delirium cases are. The subject did exhibit a number of common symptoms associated with Excited Delirium: fear, high body temperature, repetitious and incoherent speech, paranoia, profuse sweating, nudity, irrational shouting, bizarre statements and behavior. Watching the video of the incident is a good reminder of how dangerous Excited Delirium can be. It also shows people how to recognize Excited Delirium when they see it. Important lessons that were learned from this incident reinforce many things like: all officers, dispatchers, and responding medical personnel should be educated the signs of Excited Delirium. Nickels states Education on what it is and how it presents is the first big key to handling it successfully. He goes on by saying Periodic reinforcement is important, because ED is one of those low-frequency/high-risk events. (Remsberg C., 2009) Based on what the dispatchers are receiving, they can get medical personnel and police to the scene quickly. An ALS unit on hand can promptly give tranquilizing drugs to minimize the time the subjects fight against restraint. The more the intense struggling takes the better chance that the subject will die from Excited Delirium. High exertion under high body temperature is one of the worst things for the cardiovascular system, states Nickels (Remsberg C., 2009). Until more backup and medical personnel are hand, it is very important that officers avoid physical contact. ED subjects often display superhuman strength and are usually able to overpower one or two officer, Nickels said (Remsberg C., 2009). He also says Once you initiate contact, do it decisively and quickly. (Remsberg C., 2009) It is very important that officers train as a team to apply control techniques. Hands-on practice is very important. Nickels said Remember that pain compliance wont work on these subjects. An electronic control device that causes incapacitation may be your best option below deadly force if theyre violently aggressive. But the TASER should never be used just as punishment for screaming and yelling. (Remsberg C., 2009) The proper place for a person suffering from Excited Delirium is the hospital, more specifically the emergency room, not jail. Nickels said We sent two officers along in the ambulance and they stayed with the subject until he was completely sedated in the emergency room. (Remsberg C., 2009) If the subject has been involved in criminal activity, it is very important that he/she has been treated for the medical crisis, after that they can be released into police custody (Remsberg C., 2009). Debriefing is a must when this incident happens Nickels remembers Before the encounter in June, we had a confrontation with a mental patient that didnt go as smoothly. It was after we debriefed that and identified several shortcomings that we decided to do the ED refresher training at roll call. The refresher helped everybody realize right away what we were dealing with in the latest incident. (Remsberg C., 2009) Even with practice from the officers, dispatchers, and medical personnel people still die from ED, Nickels admits Regardless of how proficient the police and medics are, these people often are so deeply in crisis that they end up dying anyway. (Remsberg C., 2009) Nickels also admits But we need to have training and protocols in place to offer the best chance of a positive outcome. Its not a matter of if an ED event is going to happen in your jurisdiction, its when. Protocols exist for both law enforcement and medical personnel. Theres no excuse for not instituting them. (Remsberg C., 2009) Case 2 Scottsdale, AZ Experiencing Excited Delirium is different than just reading about it, especially when your life is on the line. Things are also different when the officer shoots the suspect with .40-cal. round and has blown up the suspects aorta and another bullet has hit the suspects spine. Even with all of these wounds the suspect continues to struggle with the officer and threatens to kill the officer. The officer is trying control this crazed situation while in the middle of a high-speed highway (Lewinski, 2006). This exact situation occurred to Officer James Peters a 6-year veteran of the Scottsdale, AZ Police Department. Peters was eventually exonerated of the shooting death of person suffering from Excited Delirium (Lewinski, 2006). The call started early on a Monday morning in October, Peters and a K-9 Officer Dave Alvarado got a call about an attempted break-in of a car, in a parking lot of an automobile paint and body repair shop (Lewinski, 2006). A security officer had reported that he discovered a window of a car had been smashed. He had also seen a person nearby; the security officer claimed that the person appeared to be on something. When the security officer challenged the young man, he took off his shirt, said he had a gun, and lifted a 40-lb. landscaping rock and threw it at the guard. None of these little details were included in the dispatch that Peters and Alvarado had heard, the dispatcher made sure to say that the suspect did claim to have a gun and that he had thrown a rock

Western and Eastern Architecture

Culture and traditions have been an important component in influencing the development and creation of both Chinese and Roman architecture. It is through these norms that standards and perceptions of beauty are created. Each facet is deeply rooted in its ability to showcase the variety of actions from the structural foundations towards internal arrangements. These ideas then constitute the relevant ideas that have transformed the way construction and design is manifested within the boundaries of each culture. In the end, these differences created similarities and differences in approaches that harnessed each one’s individuality and contribution to the world today. On one aspect, we see the Roman architecture which bases its definition and construction of structures and buildings under a prescribed standard and format. These prevailing concepts have evolved through time under the pioneering Roman thinkers during the time. Under this process, a system for construction was introduced with by using important tenets such as geometry and mathematics that denote synchronization and order of things. Through this, the Romans advocate the relevance of proportion, both in exterior and interior design. It is through this that they are able to create their own distinct mark such as the formation of tablinum, atrium and peristyle courtyards. Comparing this with Chinese architecture, it can be argued that the overall design and architecture is considered to be free flowing. The plan captures the relevance of aesthetics by capturing the elements of nature and blending them accordingly with the both in the interior and exterior of the structure. It is through these actions that the idea of harmonization and being one with the overall surroundings becomes important. In addition, incorporation of natural elements such as trees and plants are also some distinct facets practiced by the Chinese. Moreover, adopting relative natural elements to these structures also necessitates generating freedom and ability to garner wholeness. Seeing these relevant differences, there are also similarities between these distinct approaches in viewing architecture and design. One relevant parallelism that can be seen in this process is that both approaches denote a system and standard of measurement and design. Though the Chinese may not be too strict about this and often tries to cover this up, the two ideas exhibit relevant attention to such facet and helps them apply significant ideas that contribute the creation of magnificent structures. Another significant similarity between these two styles is their ability to dig deep within their cultural backgrounds and affiliations to come up with standards and processes of how to construct and design structures. Take for example, the Chinese model for Buddhism and its relevance with being one with nature (Zen) has been the core concepts that generate such buildings. On the other hand, for the Romans, it is their constant passion for architecture and magnificent design that has enabled them to come up with ideas such as Coliseums, arched domes, and public baths. These similarities in turn foster their individuality as each approach makes their distinct mark in the overall application and design process. It may be true that each one possesses similar building foundations however; each one targets a different path in its application. With their ability to fabricate unique sets of designs, both the Chinese and Romans were able to create a framework that is encompassing and facilitative towards the growth of their relative inventiveness and capture the essence of their cultural heritage and practice.

Disadvantages of Phenotypic Methodologies

To start with, phenotype is defined as the visible characteristics of an organism resulting from the interaction between its genetic makeup and the environment(Encarta 2008). Phenotypic methodology has many advantages and disadvantages and this essay talks about the dis advantages . The fact that most laboratories can do an automatic DNA makes genotyping testing more available than phenotyping. First and foremost the test is not usually readily available and accessible making the time for the outcome of the result to be prolonged and inevitably long.Phenotypic methods for most drugs does not have clinically significant cut off to differentiate sensitive and resistant isolates and this has not been delineated for most of the drugs. From the first principle, genotyping is less complex, faster, and less expensive than phenotyping. Another disadvantage is that certain changes in resistance mutation detected by genotyping are not sometimes detected by phenotyping. Such changes might be th e prime step in the path to high-level resistance, and detection of these mutations might stimulate a change in therapy in a patient with detectable plasma viremia.Therefore phenotypic methodologies may not be able to determine a minute shifts in the susceptibility that follows the existence of only one or more mutation which may lead to decreased drug effect. A good example is the 74V and 90M mutation in the sequinavir and didanosine respectively. Phenotypic method is applied to differentiate isolates based on the phenotypic appearances which are a corollary of genetic composition.The method has a low discriminating range within same species and therefore has been applied only within same variety of organisms. Numerous phenotypic methodologies have been suggested for use in discriminating among various groups of bacteria. These include biochemical tests (Olsen etal 1992)), phage susceptibility (Zierdlt etal 1980)), outer membrane protein profiles (Barekam etal 1981), antibody react ivity (Valsalovic etal 1994), fimbriation (Latham and Stamm 1984), bacteriocin production and susceptibility, and other methods.However, these systems have serious disadvantages, including unstable phenotypes, low sensitivity at the intraspecies level, and limited specificity. However, a few phenotypic methods have been used successfully as bacterial source tracking (BST) methodologies. Phenotyping that is dependent on the biochemical properties could be expensive and waste a lot of time . In this method the basal metabolic rate of the organism is greatly affected by the growth parameters and conditions.Some variables used in the biochemical approach can also give rise to false discrimination. A good example is the L monocytogen which did not provide a coherent and reliable outcome making the use of antimicrobial susceptibility not to be encouraged while dealing with these bacteria. Phenotypic characteristics are not usually reproducible as they are manifestation of genetic expressi on and this is affected largely by the prevailing growth parameters.Phenotypic methodology despite advantages is not without its own limitation and setbacks as it is difficult under this method to determine and establish clinically remarkable value for the prediction of the virology response. It also has a notable problem of handling making it limited. It solely depends on the specific specimen storage, conveyance method and preparation. When specimen are improperly handled this may lead to false positive and negative data interpretation results.The DNA from virus while using the method can be desecrated from unprofessional handling in the laboratory. It must be noted that both the genotypic and phenotypic approaches study and examine the most important viral quasispecies. Another disadvantage of phenotypic methodology is that in case of a virus that the proof of its resistance to drug has been established and that has been selected by previous treatments with drugs or has been acqu ired by initial transmission ,if another resistant strain of such virus develop again, it may not be detected by this method.Furthermore, when dealing with the Human immunodeficiency virus for example, any collected sample with copy of the virus less than 500 RNA more often than not will not generate results. In other words, the method is not sensitive to a minor variant case. The phenotype method also relies on the replication of the amplified gene sequences using the polymerase chain reaction and as such the possibility of cross contamination is highly plausible and this may occur with or without appropriate technique and carefulness.It is therefore advised for this reason that an outcome that does not tally with the present clinical state or previous treatment of patient is an indication for repeating the resistance test. In conclusion, phenotypic method has several disadvantages in that it is highly variable, due to environmental factors that lead to variation in gene expression , it has poor reproducibility and the discriminatory power is unsatisfactory. It may also falsely associate unrelated isolates and conversely when only a tiny and narrow framework of biochemical tests are used.

Betty Neuman Essays

Betty Neuman Essays Betty Neuman Essay Betty Neuman Essay Born 1924 near Lowell, Ohio. In 1947 she received RN Diploma from Peoples Hospital School of Nursing, Akron, Ohio. She then moved to California and gained experience as a hospital, staff, and head nurse; school nurse and industrial nurse; and as a clinical instructor in medical-surgical, critical care and communicable disease nursing. In 1957 Dr. Neuman attended the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) with double major in psychology and public health. She received BS in nursing from UCLA. In 1966 she received Masters degree in Mental Health, Public Health Consultation fom UCLA. Dr. Neuman is recognized as pioneer in the field of nursing involvement in community mental health. She began developing her model while lecturing in community mental health at UCLA. In 1972 her model was first published as a Model for teaching total person approach to patient problems in Nursing Research. In 1985 she received her doctorate in Clinical Psychology from Pacific Western University. In 1998 she received a second honorary doctorate, this one from Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan. The Neuman Systems Model was originally developed in 1970 at the University of California, Los Angeles, by Betty Neuman, Ph. D. , RN. The model was developed by Dr. Neuman as a way to teach an introductory nursing course to nursing students. The goal of the model was to provide a wholistic overview of the physiological, psychological, sociocultural, and developmental aspects of human beings. After a two-year evaluation of the model, it was published in Nursing Research (Neuman amp; Young, 1972). * Neuman Systems Model The Neuman Systems Model was originally developed in 1970 at the University of California, Los Angeles, by Betty Neuman, Ph. D. , RN. (Information from Nursingtheory. et) * Neuman Systems Model This model was originally developed in 1970 at the University of California, Los Angeles, by Betty Neuman, Ph. D. , RN. The model was developed by Dr. Neuman as a way to teach an introductory nursing course to nursing students. Essays by Pat Heyman. * Neuman Systems Model: This is the new home of the NSM website * The Neuman Systems Model provides a comprehensive, system based conceptual framework. Originally designed to be used in nursing it can be used by other health professions. (Dr. Betty Neuman)

The Train is the Cycle of Life in Whistle Stop essays

The Train is the Cycle of Life in Whistle Stop essays In any kind of story there are always symbols that represent something, wheather it has a major or a minor part in the story. Symbols are objects in stories that represent something else like a related theme in the story. Some examples of symbols in stories are a bird representing freedom, the colour red representing anger, a dove representing peace, spring representing rebirth, et cetera. In Fried Green Tomatoes at the Whistle Stop Caf, the train is a symbol that represents the cycle of life in Whistle Stop. The train represents the cycle of life by it bringing life, suffering, and death to Whistle Stop. Some examples of the train bringing life are when Ruth came to Whistle Stop, when Big George came to Whistle Stop, and when Railroad Bill gave away food and coal from the train. Some examples of the train bringing suffering are when Stump lost his are, Buddys death, and when Ruth had to leave Whistle Stop. Some examples of the train bringing death are when the train system sh ut down, and when Buddy died because the train hit him. Now this leads to the first point of how the train brings life to Whistle Stop. Part of the cycle of life is when the train brings life to Whistle Stop. It can also be referred to as the mother of Whistle Stop by giving birth to the town. It gives birth to the town by bringing people in everyday. This is a major part of the towns development and its growth in population and businesses. Whistle Stop would not be able to function if it was not for the train. The train also brought people who were important in the novel to the town, who furthered events in it. An example of the train bringing life is: So we never did know the babys real name. Sipsey said since he came off the train, she should just call him George Pullman Peavey, after the man that invented the pullman car. But whoever his real daddy was, he must have been a big man, because George grew up to...

Colorado Department of Education Website Search and Critique Research Paper

Colorado Department of Education Website Search and Critique - Research Paper Example The pages "For Educators" and "For Administrators", on the other hand, contain almost the same information such as educator licensing services, information on early childhood, K-12, and adult education programs, and links to outside resources. Finally, the "For Parents & Students" page offers information on district schools, state & federal grants, and home schooling, among many others.  Ã‚   Helpful Information Overall, I think the website offers  a holistic picture  of the current state of educational system in Colorado. Through data and statistical reports, one can get a glimpse of how schools and students perform well or poorly. This constant monitoring of performance serves as a reminder  for school administrators to maintain or improve their performance. Parents and students, meanwhile,  can readily access a wide variety of information that  can guide them in making education-related decisions. The website offers information on district schools, their performance, a nd programs that enhance student learning. Finally, the public is kept updated on latest developments through the news and announcement pages. Missing Information I'd like to find information about the department's future plans and directions.

Input and output devices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Input and output devices - Essay Example Devices that serve as both input device and output device are termed as I/O devices. An example of input device is a keyboard. Using the keypad, a user types the data. A keyboard sends electrical signals to the computer system, which is essentially the input. The computer then interprets the signals so that the results can be displayed in the form of text on a monitor. In this example, the text is output. In an another example, a computer sends data to a printer and it generates a printed paper. Here, computer is the input device whereas printer is the output device. The input and output may vary in their nature and form depending upon the mechanism. For example, when a computer sends information into a printer as signals, the input is digitized information whereas its output is a tangible printed paper. It is important to note that an input device e.g. a mouse or the keyboard of a computer can perform the function of sending information to a computer as input. However, these input devices cannot reproduce or receive any information from the computer as output. It is also noteworthy that the input or output classification of devices is relative to each other. This can be elaborated from the example of a USB inserted in the port of a computer and a lead connecting the computer to a printer. Here, while the computer serves as an output device for the USB in that it generates the signals, the computer plays the role of an input device for the printer because eventually, the text will be printed as output by the printer. A USB flash drive and a CD-RW drive are both examples of I/O devices as both can send as well as receive information from a computer. To conclude, input devices send information into a system whereas output devices generate its results. Some devices can only be either input devices or output devices whereas others can be both. The status of a device as an input device or an output