The Study s Intervention Was An Asp That Was Implemented...

The study’s intervention was an ASP that was implemented twice per week and lasted for 12 weeks. The bilingual ASP included about a half an hour of health education and an hour of physical activity. The valid curriculum was also adapted culturally for Mexican-American children. The health outcomes included BMI, BMI percentile, aerobic capacity, dietary preferences, and health knowledge. Aerobic capacity was measured via the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER) test, and dietary preferences and health knowledge were measured by a self-completed survey and previously validated questionnaire called the After School Student Questionnaire (ASSQ). The effect size for the sample size obtained for this study was calculated to be 0.30 by Cohen’s d, which the authors reasoned to be acceptable due to precedence where a childhood obesity meta-analysis accepted such an effect size. Analyses of a three-level design were performed, and it included use of regression models and maximum likelihood estimations. The p-value was provided with both p0.05 was given for statistical significance. The results found the sample was generally similar, except that the comparison group had more Hispanic children than the intervention group. PA knowledge, attitude, and behavior data were not statistically significant, but the trend was positive. Dietary knowledge increased significantly (p=.009) and nutrient-lacking food intake decreased (p=.035). BMI in the intervention group alsoShow MoreRelatedWal-Mart Case Study – Rfid and Supply Chain Management7654 Words   |  31 Pagespicture as to how technology plays a vital role in today’s’ businesses. Traditionally, technology has been upgraded in billing systems and for storage purposes. A new area where technology could be applied to, where many expenses could be saved was in inventory management and logistics. 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Inbound logistics includes all processes involved in ordering, receiving, and temporarily storing merchandise that is going to be sold to SS customers. b. SS does not manufacture any goods, thus its operations activities consistsRead MoreFormula One24819 Words   |  100 Pagessport sponsorship, in particular Formula One sponsorship, to important marketing topics, such as brand equity and buyer behaviour. The primary research process involved the conduction of a survey carried out on 37 Formula One sponsors. The research was of a phenomenological nature exploring the Formula One phenomenon and the sponsors’ perceptions and, therefore, used a deductive approach. 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Amazon Supply Chain Management - 3034 Words

Assignment 8.5 Research Paper Joshua Johnson Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University LGMT 683 – Supply Chain Management July 25th, 2015 Introduction With very little doubt, Amazon has become the most feared competition amongst traditional retailers such as Target, Wal-Mart and Best buy. To support this growth, Amazon has built one of the world’s largest supply chain distribution systems spanning 148 centers around the world, totally more than 17 million square feet in North America alone (Stone, 2009). However, in the midst of the massive growth of that Amazon has experienced in the last few years, many workers of rural Amazon distribution centers in Nevada, Indiana and Pennsylvania are shockingly finding themselves without jobs as their centers of employment close, while Amazon looks to shift its supply chain strategy (Stone, 2009). In this paper we will further look at Amazon’s new strategy with ideas for distribution that no longer call for having fewer, larger warehouses which ship all over the country, to multiple more, smaller warehouses located near population centers to allow for multiple shipping and delive ry programs. Lastly, this paper will look at the effect this will have on Amazon’s supply chain, as well as its effect on the world market as a whole. History For Amazon, everything started in 1994, when an entrepreneur by the name of Jeff Bezos hoped to catch what he felt was the start of the internet business boom by staking his own claim inShow MoreRelatedAmazon s Supply Chain Management Essay1187 Words   |  5 PagesEvery company has their own supply chain in order to sort or produce goods. However, the company needs to manage supply chain to maximize its highest benefits. By having effective supply chain management, the company can ensure that the right product or service will be available at the time to the right place and at the right price (Kamal 2007). Amazon is one of the companies that have best supply chain practices in order to respond high level of responsiveness for the customers. Thereby, this paperRead MoreSupply Chain Management : Walmart And Amazon Essay838 Words   |  4 PagesSUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT-INDIVIDUAL Introduction: The supply chain management is considered as a management concept from past two decades as the customers are concerned about timely and safe delivery. The competitiveness has been increasing among the companies to deliver the products as quickly as possible to the customers all around the world. This has made the supply chain management as a vital tool for the management. This is also measured as a competitive parameter for the companies. The two supplyRead MoreSupply Chain Management of Amazon Essay1620 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper reviews the supply chain management practices of Amazon.com (AMZN) and highlights findings in the framework of a Strengths – Weaknesses – Opportunities – Threats (SWOT) framework. AMZN opened its virtual doors on the World Wide Web in July 1995 as a web based bookseller and today offers Earth’s Biggest Selection according to the company’s 2012 annual report to shareholders. AMZN’s vision statement is to be Earth’s most customer-centric company for four primary customer sets: consumersRead MoreA case study of Amazon on its supply chain management2672 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿INTRODUCTION Every company has their own supply chain in order to sort or produce goods. However, the company needs to manage supply chain to maximize its highest benefits. By having effective supply chain management, the company can ensure that the right product or service will be available at the time to the right place and at the right price (Kamal 2007). Amazon is one of the companies that have best supply chain practices in order to respond high level of responsiveness for the customersRead MoreWarehousing And Distribution Are Critical Parts Of The Global Supply Chain1638 Words   |  7 Pagesparts of the global supply chain. They are the points where the product pauses and is touched, consuming both space and time. Space and time, in turn, are expenses. By developing mathematical and computer models to fine-tune the layout and operations of a warehouse, managers can significantly reduce labor costs associated with product distribution, increase warehouse space utilization, and improve the overall flow of projects. I. Introduction Overview Amazon.com, often simply Amazon, is a Fortune 500Read MoreAnalysis Of Amazon And Wal Mart1614 Words   |  7 Pagespursue the same strategies. This is evident with both Amazon and Wal-Mart, both are direct competitors but each focuses on a different market channels and provide different customer value proposition. A business strategy characterizes a company’s unique position in the market and distinguishes the firm ’s value proposition from that of its competitors. Qupte Simci levi Such a unique market position drives and depends on operations and supply chain strategies. Unfortunately due to the effiency curveRead MoreAmazon.Com Supply Chain Management1550 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: Amazon.com Supply Chain Project Amazon.com Supply Chain Project Jarrel Nightingale JNightingale2@CapellaUniversity.edu Capella University BUS3004: Supply Chain Management Professor Dr. Robert Goldwasser December 10, 2012 Amazon.com Supply Chain Project Introduction In today’s society, Online Shopping and the industry of e-commerce has become very popular and mainstream. Many individuals have integrated online shopping into their normal routine and haveRead MoreAnalysis Of Amazon Robotics ( Kiva Systems ) And Cloud Computing Technology1711 Words   |  7 Pagesreport will investigate some of the major technologies in Supply Chain management, which significantly impacted the fulfillment and delivery of an organization. The report will also look specifically at Amazon robotics (Kiva Systems) and Cloud computing technology and how it can help to ease the process while reflection on models and frameworks. Supply Chain management definition: According to Hugos (2013), The term Supply chain management arose in the late 1980s, and prior to that time, manyRead MoreThe Forces Driving An Organization1599 Words   |  7 PagesWhat are the forces driving an organization to shift to analytics and be known as an analytical competitor? Analytics is when a particular organization uses large amount of data, predictive modeling, fact-based management, statistical analysis, quantitative analysis, and explanatory reasons in order to drive their business decisions and actions successfully (Harris 12). When an organization is trying to be analytically competitive, they are using analytics systematically and extensively to thinkRead MoreCase Study : Forecasting And Planning1592 Words   |  7 PagesCase Analysis: Forecasting and Planning (Amazon.com) Amazon Introduction For this project, I have selected Amazon.com. The concept of Amazon has intrigued many over the last few years. Many did not believe the concept of Amazon would work. When Amazon got its start in 1995, it began as an online book store. From the beginning, Amazon.com’s supply chain stood out from its competitors. As a book store, customers could search from a data base of book titles, â€Å"unlike its large competitors, such as Barnes

The Charter Of Rights And Freedoms - 2537 Words

This essay will argue the reasons behind the notwithstanding clause remaining within the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. In this paper, I will provide reasons as to why the clause should be kept within the Charter beginning with the arguments that it is an essential element in critical policy decisions being made by politicians and it s hard to remove which requires the amending formula to be used if changes are to be made. On the other side, its use in policy can create grave and problematic judicial activism in the eyes of those who oppose it. In the next few paragraphs, I will define my terms, introduce a brief history of the charter and the notwithstanding clause and describe the positions from both sides regarding its use,†¦show more content†¦The Charter was designed to bring together Canadians around an agreed upon set of principles that embody and clearly define those rights. After being signed by Queen Elizabeth II on April 17th, 1982 the Charter became la w. The rights and freedoms specified in the charter are listed under Section 24 and include; Fundamental freedoms, democratic, mobility, legal, equality, language and minority language education rights. The notwithstanding clause written in article 33 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms has been an extremely contentious topic since its introduction at a November 1981 Federal-Provincial Conference of First Ministers of Canada. As said by Jean Chretien, Minister of Justice The objective â€Å"of an override [notwithstanding] clause is to provide the flexibility that is required to ensure that legislatures rather than judges have the final say on important matters of public policy† (Grover, 2005, p. [Page 479]). The clause allows Parliament or provincial governments to override the following sections; 2, containing the fundamental rights and freedoms of Canadians and sections 7-15 providing the right to life, liberty, security of person, the right to equality and a number of other legal rights. One’s guarantee of total equality in all things can also be suspended. However, the clause cannot be applied to any issues that relate to the democratic governmental sys tem of Canada, our language rights and the ability of our

Becoming A Soldier At The United States Army - 1015 Words

Becoming a soldier in the United States Army is an amazing accomplishment at so young an age, and usually considered to be a good thing. It’s is a career, a job that can provide for a family in the future, as well as providing an identity, job opportunities , college education and friendship with like minded individuals. Being in the Army enhances your life by placing structure in your life, and an provides opportunities to achieve goals and to contribute in all different capacities. While it s possible to live as simply being a soldier, soldiers are not truly living unless they are physically and mentally present wherever they travel, whether on duty or being off duty. Being present however, can impact a soldier in a professional and†¦show more content†¦Physical responsibilities can be split between both sides for military personnel, involving their civilian lifestyle and their soldier lifestyle. The contrast between both involve physical responsibilities that enco mpass many facets. When we break down physical responsibilities for each of these two sides, we are better able to understand why being physically present is essential for integral members of a team to perform their duties well. The physical responsibilities all serve a purpose when it comes to being present. This is because not only can not being present affect others, but by not being present, others can also be harmed. Therefore, understanding why the physical responsibilities are split for military and civilian personnel is essential. When you add the Army standards to physical responsibilities, this requires a soldier to maintain an acceptable fitness level to achieve the minimum requirements of an Army Physical Fitness Test. Another addition to the physical responsibilities involved in the Army is accountability. Accountability of yourself, or another soldier is a highly important matter in regards to discipline. When a soldier goes missing, or is unaccounted for, actions must be taken to find the soldier unless there is a known reason as to why the soldier is missing. The civilian physical responsibilities may beShow MoreRelatedHca/250 Final Essay1585 Words   |  7 Pagesbegin with. According to MayoClinic.com (2011), â€Å"The best way to prevent an addiction to an illegal drug is not to take the drug at all,† (para.1). This holds true for more than just illegal drugs. Refusing to try alcohol and tobacco can also prevent becoming addicted to those as well. As far as over-the-counter and prescription drugs, sometimes those have to be taken for medical reasons, but doctors give you these drugs or recommend them at a safe dose. If the person taking the drugs does not trust themselvesRead MoreServing as Part of the Green Berets825 Words   |  4 Pagesin the United States. This elite group offers safety and security to the citizens of the United States and other countries with its unconventional warfare. The Green Berets is an elite career to aspire to because of the lasting knowledge it instills, the job satisfaction behind what this group works towards, and the unique opportunity that these select few get to experience. Becoming a part of the Green Berets is no simple task. On average a person serves at least three years in the Army beforeRead MoreMilitary Police : A Military Policeman1123 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States Army has many jobs in which civilians can choose to enter that will allow them to specialize in a field of their choice. Many people have joined to serve their country, others have joined to make a living and some enjoy the sense of adventure. One of the many jobs available to a man or woman is a military policeman. As a military police, one is in charge of all the doings on the facility they are stationed at, as well as the little things that take place on base, such as trafficRead MoreBook Review Of Ishmael Beah1217 Words   |  5 Pageswas forced to become a child soldier at 12 years old due to the civil war occurring in his home country of Sierra Leone which first began in 1991. After Ishmael’s home village of Mogbwemo was attacked by rebels he was separated fr om his family, forcing him to flee. Without a home or a family to take care of him, Ishmael then spent months wandering with a group of other boys who had been displaced by the war. While taking refuge in a village protected by the government army, Ishmael was forced to fightRead MoreThe Battle Of National Pride874 Words   |  4 Pagesword â€Å"soldier† creates importance. The common usage of the word is an individual who fights or is a part of an army. In the United States a soldier displays utmost importance. The natural feeling one can get when encountering a soldier is pride, freedom, bravery and safety. When looking back to US history a soldier has proven essential to priceless building of American character. The struggles of injustice and fear have been and still continue to be defended with soldiers. The United States investsRead MoreAfrican Americans And The Civil War1540 Words   |  7 PagesIn the historical backdrop of the United States, African Americans have dependable been victimized. When Africans first came to America, they had no choice but to be slaves. The progressed toward becoming slaves to the rich, covetous, lethargic Americans. African Americans had given no compensation and regularly whipped and beaten. They battled for their opportunity, yet when the Civil War came African Americans had this logic that if they were to join the Civil War they could liberate all slavesRead MoreHow Military Recruitment And Skilled People Join The Armed Forces1396 Words   |  6 Pagesimportant for security of the nation. Army Rangers are some of the most skilled and rigorously trained people in the armed forces. On top of meeting the traditional requirements for enlisting in the Army, Army Rangers have to meet other criteria before being recruited into and successfully completing the program. The first step to becoming an Army Ranger begins with applying to the Army. The basic entrance requirements for qualification into the Army include the following: must be a U.S. citizenRead MoreObservation Paper1184 Words   |  5 PagesThe company I decided to observe is the United States Army I have been working in the Army for the past seven years, I’ve been deployed a total of three times to Iraq and Afghanistan. In the time I have been in the Army gives me a good opportunity to describe this organization. Mission of the Army The mission of the Army is to prepare the force for unified land operations, responds to threats, sustains and protects the force, and builds military relationships that develop partner defense capacityRead MoreThe Battle Within Bowe Bergdahl1479 Words   |  6 Pagesseries, Serial, hosted by Sarah Koenig, an American Journalist, focuses on a soldier named Bowe Bergdahl, who, at the age of 19, enlisted into the Coast Guard. Bowe Bergdahl only lasted a couple weeks in training due to the fact that he was diagnosed with situational anxiety. Without proper guidance, the Army did not look into Bergdahl s diagnosis. Therefore, Bowe Bergdahl was able to re-enlist into the army. Because the Army neglected to check Bowe’s medical history, Bowe caused a Dustwun in the middleRead MoreProfessional Soldier : A Review1018 Words   |  5 Pages Professional Soldier: A Review of the Army Profession SSG Jordan Rickard Advanced Leader Course, Phase 1, Class 003 MSG Paula Doane April 26, 2017 Professional Soldier: A Review of the Army Profession â€Å"I do solemnly swear that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies foreign and domestic†¦Ã¢â‚¬  From the second a civilian takes the steps to raise their right hand to coming out of Basic Combat Training as a United States Soldier they have put trust

Caretaker Government Sysytem Must Not Be Banned free essay sample

Caretaker Government System must not Be Voided from the Constitution In the year 1996, under huge political pressure from the major opposition party the Awami league, the then government ruled by Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) introduced the caretaker government system in Bangladesh constitution by making the 13th amendment. The summary of the amendment was that the head of the Caretaker government will be called the Chief Adviser and will be selected by the President and the main objective of the caretaker government will be to create an environment in which an election can be held in a free and fair manner without any political influence of the outgoing government. After the amendment was made in the constitution, an election was held under caretaker government the same year and Awami league won the election. Justice Muhammad Habibur Rahman was the chief adviser at that time and led the election. However, after two long term gaps, in 2008, when Awami league again became the government of the country, since then they are trying to demolish the 13th amendment from the constitution. From my point of view, caretaker government system must be voided from the constitution of Bangladesh as the present government is strong enough to conduct a peaceful and fair election, the Election Commission is very sure about giving clear and acceptable results and there would be no mishaps regarding elections as there would be more law enforcement people working and law implementation. In 40 years of independence, Bangladesh has experienced the leadership of a few but major political parties. However, the matter of regret is that the existing political parties which successfully gained the trust of people could not gain the trust of each other. It is one of the sole reasons of introducing the caretaker government system in the constitution of Bangladesh. The cause is, as a lack of trust in each other, the political parties do not want to have the national election under the rule of another political party. Noted Jurist Barrister Rafiqul haque in a press briefing clearly stated, â€Å"Holding the national election under a neutral caretaker government is a must for Bangladesh as both the major political parties do not have the trust in each other. † He said, â€Å"The country’s political situation will be more volatile if the caretaker government system is dropped from the constitution. † It is ironic that political parties who brought in the caretaker government provisions in the constitution in 1996 to ensure free and fair general elections have rendered the system controversial over the years. As the major political parties do not have faith in each other, the caretaker government system is the only option for conducting a clear and peaceful election. If we look into the political history of Bangladesh we can see that whenever a parliamentary election has been hold by a political government and under its Election Commission, there was always a question of transparency and acceptability of election results. In one hand, where the present chief Election Commissioner, Mr. ATM Shamsul Huda is deliberately saying in every press briefing, â€Å" We are able to conduct a fair election and publish a authentic result†, the past few incidents regarding ‘Municipal and Union election’ shows the story of other hand. There have been enormous reports published in newspapers regarding ‘Municipal and Union election’ which have taken place very recently that the Election Commission’s authorized persons have intentionally made the persons winners who were the supporters of the present government. Reports in the newspaper mentioned about places like Narayangonj, Bikrampur, Gopalgonj and some other also. If in ‘Municipal and Union’ elections, these types of incidents took place then surely the National parliamentary Election held under this Election Commission will be nothing but a stage show. At present, the whole statements of the Chief Election Commissioner have become self-contradictory. They are saying something in front of the public and doing something else behind. If this election commission conducts the National parliamentary Election, definitely the countrymen will never have fair and authentic results of the election and it will cause a number of disastrous incidents. Therefore, a caretaker government is immensely needed for fair and acceptable results in the elections of Bangladesh. The statement made by our Home Minister ADV. Sahara Khatun regarding our law enforcement departments was that the Police is doing a great job. According to her, the police is successfully controlling all the mishaps and doing no arm to the people. What about the people who speak on behalf of the people? On the strike of 10th July 2011 for caretaker government, called upon by the opposition parties, all the people of Bangladesh and people all over saw how opposition party’s chief whip Jainal Abedin Faruk was almost beaten to death. He was pulled vigorously in the streets by the police. When he tried to save his skin and ran, all the police on the scene ag ain got all over him and started to kick him and beat him with sticks. The intellectuals, the civil society all mentioned it as a disgrace to the country’s reputation. Here lies the story of our police force and the government when the opposition party is speaking on behalf of the people for caretaker government. This is truly unexpected and in a way this incident violates the democratic rights of a country. Another story of success I would like to write about is the opposition parties of our country, who are now speaking highly in support of caretaker government. For re-establishing the caretaker government system, the main opposition parties are now calling on strikes every now and then. Undoubtedly, they do it on behalf of the people and for the betterment of country’s political future and condition of people. However, they forget what common people go through when everything is closed. Day laborers, whose earning depends on a day’s work, cannot manage the necessary items for their families. 24 hours strike means, the country is fully closed for 24 hours. This includes market of common goods too. As a result, the prices of commodities rise up, making it beyond the reach of the hard life of common people. The two stories of success which I mentioned above are not supposed to take any support of any political parties. The main reason was to state that in every way these two incidents are unexpected and disgraceful for the country’s political history. The point is all these stories leads to the cause of one thing and one thing only and that is re-establishing the caretaker government system. Therefore, in order to minimize these kinds of incidents caretaker government system must be re-introduced. In Democracy, all in all there is truly no place for systems like caretaker government. However, the fact is, our country has gone through so much political instability and crisis that none of the political parties have any positive attitude and support for each other. M. Abdul Latif Mondal, former secretary, said that people will remember how Awami League agiated for introducing the caretaker government system in Bangladesh with relentless ‘Hartals’. Now, they are just turning their back to it and want to do the national election under their supervision. They did not even try to give any solid reasons why they want to demolish the system of caretaker government. The Supreme Court in suggestion clearly stated that for the sake of ‘peace’ and public interest, elections ‘may’ be held under the 13th amendment for the next two terms. Sadly, the government did not bother to take the suggestion. Dr. Kamal Hossain, renowned law maker of the country commented it as a sign of insincerity and political opportunism of the present government. All these actions of the ruling party sent the opposition parties to the brink where they have no choice but to stand up for reasons. In addition, the inexplicable hurry to do away with the caretaker government, even though the next election is two and a half years away, raises questions and doubts about the government. The caretaker government system was formed in Bangladesh only to conduct the election by 90 days. It has no power to bring any change in the constitution nor, to change the laws of the country but to do the normal daily works of the government and maintain the protocols. Therefore, for the sake of public trust and a transparent election, the caretaker government system must go on. As a democratic country, every political party in Bangladesh along with the people has the right to say for or against any issue of the country. Therefore, if the major political parties, intellectuals are opposing the decision of government regarding voiding the caretaker government system from the constitution of Bangladesh, it has to be re-considered again. It does not have to be a one-sided decision by the government as it is a matter of a country’s political future and stability. Therefore, the caretaker government system must be continued for a peaceful and fair election, for clear and satisfactory results of the election and for minimizing unexpected incidents. References Karim Tariq A. (January 2007). Bangladesh at the Crossroads. United States Institute of Peace. http://www. usip. org/files/resources/sr181. pdf M. Abdul Latif Mondal (December 23, 2004). Political Parties and Non-party Caretaker Government. [Electronic version]. EBSCOHost. Dr. Kamal (March 22, 2011). Caretaker Govt. should stay. Daily New Age. Hasan Ur Rashid (April 9, 2011) Do we need a caretaker government? Editorial. The Daily Star. Barrister Rafiqul Haque (April 22, 2011), in his own words [television series episode]. Tritio Matra. Channel I. http://www. banglapedia. org/httpdocs/HT/C_0041. HTML

River in Siddhartha free essay sample

Siddhartha many times in the book, and has many meanings. In the first chapter, Siddhartha visits the river to bath and to make holy sacrifices. â€Å"The sun browned his slender shoulders on the river bank, while bathing at the holy ablutions, at the holy sacrifices. †(pg3) When Siddhartha left Govinda behind, Siddhartha meets with the river again, and crossing this river led him to a new beginning. â€Å"During the night he slept among the boats on the river, and early in the morning, before the first customers arrived in the shop, he had his beard shaved off by the barber’s assistant. He also had his hair combed and rubbed with fine oil. Then he went to bathe in the river. †(pg52) Moving into the town on the other side of the river, Siddhartha got caught up with having money, just like everyone else in the town. â€Å"He was not long in Kamaswami’s house, when he was already taking a part in his master’s business. We will write a custom essay sample on River in Siddhartha or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Daily, however, at the hour she invited him, he visited the beautiful Kamala, in handsome clothes, in fine shoes and soon he also brought her presents. (pg66) After getting tired of the materialistic lifestyle, Siddhartha crossed the river again, he lets go of all the memories he had on the other side of the river. He started to let go, by giving away his fine clothes. So crossing the river again gave Siddhartha a fresh start. â€Å"Will you accept these clothes from me, which I find a nuisance? I should prefer it if you would give me some old clothes and keep me here as your assistant, or rather your apprentice, for I must learn how to handle the boat. †(pg103) Staying with the ferryman, next to the river, was one step closer for Siddhartha to find Nirvana. Whenever Siddhartha meets with the river, it represents rebirth and forgiveness. In this novel, they use the river as a symbol for the stream of life and unity. When Vasudeva teaches Siddhartha to listen carefully for one last time, he hears voices which he always heard before, but this time they sound different, he heard the whole of a thousand sounds, the sound of Om. The river taught Siddhartha unity, that how he left his father and his father was hurt, Siddhartha’s son left him, which left him hurt by the loss. And that the agony is experienced again and again throughout a lifetime.

Pluralistic Spirituality In Canadian Drama English Literature Essay free essay sample

Sang Kim s A Dream Called Laundry and Tomson Highway s The Rez Sisters portion a common subject in the manner they question and complicate the spiritualty of their characters. Each drama centres around nominally Christian characters who owe their Christian religion to a bequest of colonialism-British colonisation of Canada in the instance of The Rez Sisters and general European missional work in East Asia in the instance of A Dream Called Laundry. Both plays, nevertheless, turn to how this imposed Christian individuality has affected these characters, and they delve into the interplay between the witting spiritualty and lingering autochthonal faith. The consequence in both instances is a unusual and fantastic syncretism that plays out on the phase, a Dionysian spiritualty where the theater itself becomes the sacred infinite. In this essay, I will research spiritualty as presented in these two dramas, comparing and contrasting how this subject is presented with respects to syncretism and the spiritualty of the theater. We will write a custom essay sample on Pluralistic Spirituality In Canadian Drama English Literature Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Sisters Soo and Grace are both self-identified Christians in A Dream Called Laundry although both were born in Korea during the period of Nipponese business. Of the three adult females that make up the nucleus dramatis personae of this drama, it is merely Soo s girl Sally that self-identifies as non-Christian-she appears to be unbelieving or agnostic-which is interesting as she is otherwise the most Westernized of the three. Decorate tends to be more overtly Christian in her preoccupations and duologue than Soo is, but both adult females take their religion earnestly. Even Sally s evident deficiency of religion makes sense within her Westernized surroundings ; she represents in her manner the secularized, rationalist Western civilization that has superseded Christianity in much of the Western universe. Both Soo and Grace, nevertheless, show a more complicated spiritualty that typical attachment to the Christian religion and have each brought something profoundly personal to their re ligious lives. Grace s spiritualty, for illustration, is to a great extent influenced by her equivocal mental status and, so, her madness for deficiency of a better word constructs her Christianity such that it has more in common with the enraptured traditions of Orphism than mainstream Christianity tends to acknowledge. This spiritualty is possibly best demonstrated in Grace s soliloquy that begins with her viing in an fanciful spelling bee. Having been given the word, mysophobia-defined therein as the fright of being contaminated by soil ( Kim, 31 ) -she expounds on her doctrine. Grace s Christianity is ab initio mysophobic in nature, demonstrated by the belief that the faith can be used to sublimate oneself from contamination by soil . Grace lists possible contaminations: Wash pails. Outhouses. Vomit with balls of bacon in it. Masturbation. Menstruation. Dried seeds. Crusted underwear ( Kim, 32 ) ; which, as can be seen, go progressively sexualized as the list continues. The redress to thi s sexual taint is seen as Christian baptism, a religious rinsing off of the crud. This can be seen in a ulterior exchange between Soo and Grace: SOO: Dirty head. That s all you think. Sexual activity. That s why no good adult male want you at church. You be entirely everlastingly. GRACE: I ll be pure after I m baptized. Person will desire me so. ( Kim, 83 ) Christianity, so, is seen as a ritual purification against crud, particularly in the instance of sexual taint. This position of the faith will bind in thematically with the flood tide of the drama, but it does non to the full represent Grace s spiritualty. Grace besides brings an enraptured component to her spiritualty, one that is implied to be due to her mental status but that can be found in ancestors to Christianity such as the Orphic tradition. See this transition, where she explains her principle for acquiring baptized: GRACE: aˆÂ ¦ Why am I acquiring baptized? Is nt it obvious? To rinse away the wickednesss so that my psyche can be saved. Sins ca nt be washed off with soap the manner soiled wash can. Merely blood from the Lamb of God can make that. ( Kim, 33 ) Here the purification facets of baptism are denied in favor of the ritualistic. Soap and H2O can non sublimate the taint, merely blood forfeit, martyrdom and enraptured imagination can make so. And blood in this sense is a repeating image throughout the drama, from menses blood meaning sexual martyrdom in the comfort cantonment ( Kim, 22 ) to blood as index of national individuality. Soo makes a relevant remark on blood, stating Sally that Japs ever be same. Inside blood. Not pure ( Kim, 30 ) . This contrasts with the flashback where Hiro and Soo have the undermentioned exchange: HIRO: I care about who you are on the interior. Your psyche. And a psyche does nt hold a nationality. SOO: My psyche is Korean. Yours is Nipponese. They re different. HIRO: We are all the same under the tegument. ( Kim, 47-8 ) Soo argues that souls or blood , the cardinal inside substance, are non the same, that different people are contaminated while others are pure. While this is clearly a chauvinistic, racist construct, it has its footing in this enraptured Christian worldview, where the blood forfeit of the sufferer is the true beginning of purification and one either has it or does non. Much of the drama, so, embodies this enraptured, Dionysian construct of martyrdom and metempsychosis. Structurally and thematically, there is a strong connexion between this work and Grecian calamity. The chorus of Masked Figures continually chant a mantra of taint throughout Soo s martyrdom. The flashback construction creates a kind of fugue feel to the drama that is all of a sudden literalized in the concluding reveal, where it becomes clear that Sally and Dennis are metaphysically re-enacting their parents relationship with a quasi-incestuous turn that seems like something right out of Grecian calamity ( Kim, 116-7 ) . The universe is revealed in this turn to non be a simple topographic point of purification rites but a topographic point contaminated by soil, where the damned live out their martyrdoms once more and once more, go throughing their taint on to the following coevals. Grace sums this up neatly with her contemplations on the nature of Hell: GRACE: Maybe it s all in our caputs and non someplace out at that place like the manner Heaven isaˆÂ ¦ Or possibly Hell does nt be at all until the minute you do something awful. Like when you murder person or take the Lord s name in vain-aˆÂ ¦ Or wish bad things to go on to othersaˆÂ ¦ Possibly this is Hell where we are now and that we create a worse topographic point out at that place to do usage experience better about ourselves. Like watching those hungering black babes on Television with flies in their eyes. ( Kim, 37-8 ) This self-manifested snake pit of ageless return seems to break represent the existence of A Dream Called Laundry than does the naA?ve baptismal Christianity that Grace and Soo apparently adhere to. Tomson Highway s The Rez Sisters has a similar attack to spiritualty in that it takes a figure of outward Christian reserve adult females and exposes an enraptured, pre-Christian nucleus at the bosom of their beliefs. The Rez Sisters is, nevertheless, more expressly satirical in its attack to this in that the minutia of reserve life itself takes on this profound spiritualism. The looking decision of this drama is that the old ways neer die but simply change the linguistic communication of belief to suit alteration. A existent universe analogy can be seen in the syncretistic beliefs of certain Andean peoples that have maintained traditional belief under the veneer of devotedness to Catholic saints. The reserve of The Rez Sisters is depicted as one where traditional patterns and linguistic communication have about been wholly superseded by Western civilization. Pelajia describes the state of affairs as follows: PELAJIA: And the old narratives, the old linguistic communication. Almost all goneaˆÂ ¦ was a clip Nanabush and Windigo and everyone here could rattle away in Indian fast as Bingo Betty could put her lotto french friess down on a hot dark. ( Highway, 5 ) aˆÂ ¦ PELAJIA: Everyone here s brainsick. No occupations. Nothing to make purchase imbibe and sleep together each other s married womans and hubbies and bury about our Nanabush. ( Highway, 6 ) Autochthonal linguistic communication has been lost, as has the traditional mythology and spiritualty. In its topographic point, the economic world of their community has fostered a religious idling that is expressed chiefly through imbibing, extra-marital personal businesss and, comically, lotto. Indeed, lotto in The Rez Sisters takes on a expansive spiritual significance with its ain fables and Gods that serve as a satirical replacing for the old ways. Bingo Betty, for illustration, is a legendary lotto participant who one time played 27 cards in one posing and allegedly accrued huge wealth. Still though, lingering at the peripheral of the first act of the drama is the traditional spirit Nanabush, reduced to looking to his followings in the pretense of a sea gull and having maltreatment from them. Marie-Adele confronts the bird, teasing it in Ojibwe as follows ( taken from provided interlingual rendition ) : MARIE-ADELE: Travel off! You stinking thing. Do nt coming messing about here for nil. Travel off! Neee. Who the snake pit do you believe you are, the Holy Spirit? Travel off! Hey, but he wo nt wing off, this seagull bird. He merely sits at that place. And tickers me. Watch me. ( Highway, 19 ) This scene is an interesting counterpoint to Pelajia earlier averments about the reserve. Marie-Adele clearly does non accept the old narratives since she fails to acknowledge Nanabush as anything more than a bird. Yet she speaks to Nanabush in the old linguistic communication, demoing that the traditions are non entirely disregarded. Her usage of the Christian term Holy Spirit to depict this non-Christian spirit creates a spread in intending that will go cardinal to spiritualty in the drama. The secret plan of the drama centres around a group of adult females from the reserve going to Toronto to vie in the Biggest Bingo in the World , an event that plays out like a pilgrims journey to the new order. The Biggest Bingo represents a Utopian vision of a perfect universe. It represents both a financial Eden with its $ 500 000 expansive award ( Highway, 54 ) but, as the adult females become more beguiled, it becomes the agencies to the perfect life in every respect. Victory in the Biggest Bingo is tantamount to paradise on Earth in the heads of the reserve adult females. One of the adult females even enthuses that all the Indians in the universe will be at that place [ at Biggest Bingo ] ! ( Highway, 69 ) , farther cementing this even as a kind of Mecca to this reserve faith. Biggest Bingo itself is depicted with a showmanship reminiscent of a resurgence or evangelical service. It is presided over by a magnetic Bingo Master, who is priest and prophesier of this unusual faith, and is described as the most beautiful adult male in the universe [ who ] comes running up the Centre aisle, cordless microphone in manus, dressed to kill: dress suits, rhinestones, and all. The full theater is now the lotto castle. We are in: Toronto! ! ! ! ( Highway, 100 ) in the phase waies. The Bingo Master sells the event as if it has deep religious significance for the participants, as he says: BINGO MASTER: Tonight, ladies and gentlemen, you will be witness to events of such elephantine proportions, such cataclysmal branchings, such masterly and brilliant manifestations that your heads will stagger, your eyes will nicitate, and your Black Marias will palpitate unpredictably. ( ibid. ) In these footings, the lotto game has a cosmic significance, good beyond that of a typical game. It represents a possible Eden on Earth, though it is one based in the entropy of the game. The nature of this Eden, this pot of money, is so that merely one individual can win it while every other contestant will needfully lose. Earlier in the drama, all the adult females engaged in a cacophonic unit of ammunition of covering duologue where they insulted one another in every possible mode ( Highway, 44-6 ) . The Biggest Bingo is a repeat of that in religious linguistic communication ; this satirical Western secular pseudo-religion overpowers the old ways by spliting the people against themselves as happens in a competitory game. The transmutation of the game into an reverberation of Christianity is complete at the flood tide of Biggest Bingo. The phase is ceremonially transformed in the undermentioned phase way into a distorted mirror of Christian religion: The house visible radiations go out. And the lone visible radiations now are the lotto balls resiling about in the lotto machine an eery, phantasmagoric kind of glow lotto with a retribution on centerstage, behind the Bingo Master, where a long lotto tabular array has as if by magic appeared with Zhaboonigan at the tabular array s centre slaming a rood Veronique has brought along for good fortune. The scene is lit so that it looks like The Last Supper. ( Highway, 102 ) Christian and Bingo iconography become one in this absurd tableaux but there is a 3rd angle to this imagination when it is revealed that the Bingo Master is Nanabush himself. Nanabush becomes a figure of Death and takes Marie-Adele to the hereafter stand foring a concluding victory of the traditional ways over both the Christian tradition and the satirical Bingo invention. The concluding message is that there is a permanency underneath the games of opportunity that make up life, and that things stay the same even when they undergo superficial alterations. Both The Rez Sisters and A Dream Called Laundry demonstrate syncretistic spiritualties as people s beliefs adapt to outside influence yet still retain the deeply personal, alone elements that define these characters. In the instance of A Dream Called Laundry, this took the signifier of a mixture of Christian, Korean and theatrical traditions and in The Rez Sisters, it was represented through a synthesis of Christianity, traditional Native beliefs and the representation of Western civilization in the signifier of Bingo. Befiting the Canadian tradition, these spiritualties are alone concepts of pluralist elements.